Cancer surveillance is a systematic approach to monitoring individuals who are at increased risk of developing cancer or have a history of cancer to detect recurrence or new malignancies at an early and treatable stage. This proactive strategy involves regular screenings, examinations, and tests tailored to each patient's specific risk factors, medical history, and cancer type. Surveillance protocols may include imaging studies, blood tests, genetic testing, endoscopic procedures, and physical examinations performed at regular intervals. The goal of cancer surveillance is to detect cancer or pre-cancerous changes early, when treatment is most effective and outcomes are more favorable. Surveillance also allows healthcare providers to closely monitor patients' responses to treatment and adjust their management plans accordingly. By identifying cancer recurrence or new cancers at an early stage, surveillance helps improve patient outcomes, prolong survival, and enhance quality of life. Additionally, surveillance may offer opportunities for risk reduction strategies, lifestyle modifications, and interventions to prevent cancer development or progression. It is essential for patients to actively participate in their surveillance programs, adhere to recommended screening schedules, and maintain open communication with their healthcare providers to optimize cancer detection and management.